the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, jointly presented their paper on “The Performance of ForecastBased Monetary Policy Rules under Model uncertainty”. Their quantitative analysis compared forecast-based monetary policy rules with outcome

The central tenet of inflation targeting is the anchoring of inflation expectations. In this paper, we reexamine the role of key elements of the inflation targeting framework towards this end, in the context of an economy where economic agents have an imperfect under-standing of the macroeconomic landscape within which the public forms expectations and policymakers must formulate and implement monetary policy. Using an estimated model of the U.S. economy, we show that monetary policy rules that would perform well under the assumption of rational expectations can perform very poorly when we introduce imperfect knowledge. We then examine the performance of an easily implemented policy rule that incorporates three key characteristics of inflation targeting: transparency, commitment to maintaining price stability, and close monitoring of inflation expectations, and find that all three play an important role in assuring its success. Our analysis suggests simple difference rules in the spirit of Knut Wicksell excel at tethering inflation expectations to the central banks goal and in so doing achieve superior stabilization of inflation and economic activity in an environment of imperfect knowledge